caspian sea animals

The large Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline conveys Azeri oil to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan and opened in 2006. Human-made changes, notably those resulting from the construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals on the immense Volga River system (which drains into the Caspian from the north), have affected the contemporary hydrologic balance. [35], Later, in the Tang dynasty, the sea was the western limit of the Chinese Empire. There are similar tensions between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan (the latter claims that the former has pumped more oil than agreed from a field, recognized by both parties as shared). Minerals such as sodium sulfate, extracted from the Kara-Bogaz-Gol, also have considerable economic importance. In the Upper Pliocene, the so-called Akchagylian Sea expanded over Turkmenistan, then receding back by the end of Pliocene. The current main threats include: loss of food to commercial fishing, habitat destruction, toxic pollution, human disturbance, commercial exploitation and disease. [64], The Caspian Summit is a head of state-level meeting of the five littoral states. Scheduled ferry services (including train ferries) across the sea chiefly are between: As an endorheic basin, the Caspian Sea basin has no natural connection with the ocean. During the long period (1929–77) of water-level decline and consequent drying of the most favourable spawning grounds, the sturgeon population fell considerably. 1:10 million. Indians used to call it Kashyap Sagar, which in Turkey is known under the name of Khazar Sea. The Caspian receives the Volga (which supplies about 80% of its inflow), Ural, Emba, Kura, and Terek rivers, but has no outlet; There are about 130 rivers which drain water into the Caspian Sea. Some 15 species of Arctic (e.g., the Caspian seal) and Mediterranean types complement the basic fauna. 1995. Eagles are among the birds of prey (Haliaetus albicilla, Aquila heliaca, Circaetus gallicus). Waters of the Caspian Sea house 400 endemic aquatic animal species, including the Caspian seal (Phoca caspica) and sturgeons (90% of the world catch).

Pereladova, O., V. Krever and M. Williams. Babaev, A. Other fish speaces include Caspian roach, Caspian marine shad, Caspian bream, and the Caspian salmon; there is also several species of mollusks; and a range of other marine organisms including sponges. The water level change within the Caspian Sea is an indirect reason for which plants may not get established. It has a large embayment on the shore of Turkmenistan, namely Kara Bogaz Gol. Caspian seals are mostly piscivorous, meaning that they feed on a range of small fish, in particular kilka, and also crustaceans such as shrimp. The sea noticeably drops off towards the Middle Caspian, where the average depth is 190 metres (620 ft). Both male and female Caspian seals are monogamous, which means that one male mates with only one female. The Caspian Sea is known for its biodiversity, Kukral said. It has not only preserved the rich late Tertiary flora and fauna but has also been influenced by later inputs, particularly of freshwater origin.

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